In a 1971 advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice upheld UN authority over Namibia, determining that the South African presence in Namibia was illegal and that South Africa therefore was obliged to withdraw its administration from Namibia immediately. Wesentliche Abschnitte der Moderne stellen die deutsche Kolonialzeit, das Völkerbundmandat in Ausübung durch südafrikanische Verwaltungsbehörden sowie die Unabhängigkeitsbemühungen im letzten Drittel des 20. Under the leadership of the tribal chief Hendrik Witbooi, the Namaqua put up a fierce resistance to the German occupation. Das Schutzgebiet umfasste nun mit Deutsch-Südwestafrika, dem heutigen Namibia, seine endgültigen Grenzen. South African foreign minister, Pik Botha, and an official delegation of 22 had a lucky escape. Namibian government has promoted a policy of national reconciliation and issued an amnesty for those who had fought on either side during the liberation war. Being settled people they had an economy based on farming, cattle and fishing, but they also produced metal goods. During the 17th century the Herero, a pastoral, nomadic people keeping cattle, moved into Namibia. An apology was sought in more recent times. Mitglied der Vereinten Nationen und ebenfalls Mitglied im Commonwealth of Nations. [24], One of SWAPO's policies, that had been formulated long before the party came into power, was land reform. Most of them reside in the refugee camp Osire north of Windhoek. The history of Namibia has passed through several distinct stages from being colonised in the late nineteenth century to Namibia's independence on 21 March 1990.. From 1884, Namibia was a German colony: German South West Africa.After the First World War, the League of Nations Mandated South Africa to administer the territory. Sam Nujoma was reelected as president in 1999, winning the election, that had a 62.1% turnout with 76.82%. Für Namibia endete die Kolonialzeit erst vor 20 Jahren: Als letztes Land auf dem Kontinent wurde das ehemalige "Deutsch-Südwest" ein selbstständiger Staat. [27], President Sam Nujoma has been vocal in his support of Zimbabwe and its president Robert Mugabe. The Angolan civil war resulted in a large number of Angolan refugees coming to Namibia. At the Ronald Reagan/Mikhail Gorbachev summit in Moscow (29 May – 1 June 1988) between leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union, it was decided that Cuban troops would be withdrawn from Angola, and Soviet military aid would cease, as soon as South Africa withdrew from Namibia. Deutsche Siedler sollten sich hier niederlassen und das Land bestellen. By 9 February 1990, the Constituent Assembly had drafted and adopted a constitution. Johannes Comestor. Namibia (amtlich: Republik Namibia; deutsche Aussprache: ... Infolge der Missionierung während der Kolonialzeit sind rund 87 Prozent der Namibier Christen, womit das Land deutlich über dem afrikanischen Durchschnitt liegt. Schon früh siedelten auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Namibia auch die San, Buschmänner, von denen wir heute noch mittels der Felszeichnungen erfahren, die in Namibia zu bewundern sind. 1880 bis 1918. Die eigene Währung erhält Namibia erst 1993: den Namibia-Dollar. The land reform has been slow, mainly because Namibia's constitution only allows land to be bought from farmers willing to sell. Im 17. To escape, the Herero retreated into the waterless Omaheke region, a western arm of the Kalahari Desert, where many of them died of thirst. After the First World War, the League of Nations Mandated South Africa to administer the territory. Nevertheless, discussions proceeded with UN Commissioner for Namibia N°2 Martti Ahtisaari who played a key role in getting the Constitutional Principles agreed in 1982 by the front-line states, SWAPO, and the Western Contact Group. Moreover, the vast majority of the Koevoet personnel were quite unsuited for continued employment in the South West African Police (SWAPOL). In 1883, a German trader, Adolf Lüderitz, bought Angra Pequena from the Nama chief Josef Frederiks II. This affected the Angolan Civil War that had been ongoing since Angola's independence in 1975. Legal argument ensued over the course of the next twenty years until, in October 1966, the UN General Assembly decided to end the mandate, declaring that South Africa had no further right to administer the territory, and that henceforth South West Africa was to come under the direct responsibility of the UN (Resolution 2145 XXI of 27 October 1966).[1]. On the dismissal (1966) by the International Court of Justice of a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, the U.N. General Assembly revoked South Africa's mandate. Hosted by Leipzig Postkolonial and Engagierte Wissenschaft e.V. There was only one other candidate, Mishake Muyongo of the DTA.[24]. Under the leadership of Jonker Afrikaner, the Oorlams used their superior weapons to take control of the best grazing land. In 1894 major Theodor Leutwein was appointed governor of German South West Africa. Both the Herero and the Afrikaner wanted to use the grasslands of Damaraland for their herds. [3] Namibia and the Land Question", "2004 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook – Namibia", "Main treason trial set to soldier on in September", "Caprivi treason trial up and running again", "History and economy – Namibia Travel Guide", Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, "Chronology of Namibian History: From Precolonial Times to Independent Namibia", "People and culture – Namibia Travel Guide", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Namibia&oldid=1012623073, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Botha, Christo. Several registered political parties are active and represented in the National Assembly, although SWAPO Party has won every election since independence. Believing that Britain was soon about to declare the whole area a protectorate, Lüderitz advised the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to claim it. 1899 – 1902 Zweiter Burenkrieg. Hostilities intensified over the years, especially in Ovamboland. Man beschloss das Land Namibia zu nennen, nach der Wüste Namib an der Küste des Landes. Ab 1806 permanente britische Kronkolonie. Gegen Ende des 15. The first attack of this kind was the battle at Omugulugwombashe on 26 August. Eine. Contemporary media called the conflict "The Hottentot Uprising". Die Nachbarstaaten sind Namibia, Botswana, Simbabwe, ... 1652 beginnende niederländische Kolonialzeit. During the land crisis in Zimbabwe, where the government confiscated white farmers' land by force, fears rose among the white minority and the western world that the same method would be used in Namibia.[28]. Agreements to give effect to these decisions were drawn up for signature in New York in December 1988. South Africa agreed to cooperate in achieving the implementation of Resolution 435. "From Labour Elites to Garveyites: West African Migrant Labour in Namibia, 1892–1925.". Der Präsident wird in Namibia immer alle fünf Jahre direkt vom Volk gewählt. He was killed on flight Pan Am 103 which exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988 en route from London to New York. Mit einer Fläche von 835.100 km² war es ungefähr anderthalbmal so groß wie das Deutsche Kaiserreich. Die Opposition kritisierte seine Politik. In 1903 there were 3,700 Germans living in the area, and by 1910 their number had increased to 13,000. [2] Namibia's independence grew out of the determination and courage of the people of Namibia and the vision you share with your ancestors. While that problem was resolved, minor disturbances in the north continued throughout the transition period. [15] After Angola became independent in 1975, SWAPO established bases in the southern part of the country. [citation needed] Squatting occurs when internal migrants move to the cities and live in informal settlements. ", de Souza Correa, Sílvio Marcus. The protection treaty did have the effect of stabilising the situation but pockets of rebellion persisted, and were put down by an elite German regiment Schutztruppe, while real peace was never achieved between the colonialists and the natives. On 17 December 1920, South Africa undertook administration of South West Africa under the terms of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and a Class C Mandate agreement by the League Council. South African foreign minister, Pik Botha, announced on 28 September 1989 that 1,200 ex-Koevoet members would be demobilized with effect from the following day. The Basters settled in central Namibia, where they founded the city Rehoboth. Von ihnen sind 50 Prozent Lutheraner, 20 Prozent Katholiken, 5 Prozent Mitglieder der Niederländischen Reformierten Kirche und 5 Prozent Anglikaner. To cope with the situation, Germany sent 14,000 additional troops who soon crushed the rebellion in the Battle of Waterberg in 1904. Die politische Verwaltung lag also in den Händen der Südafrikaner, die eine Politik der Apartheid verfolgten. While previously the contract work force was seen as "primitive" and "lack[ing] political consciousness", the summer 1971/72 saw a general strike of 25% of the entire working population (13,000 people), starting in Windhoek and Walvis Bay and soon spreading to Tsumeb and other mines. 1797 erste Besetzung durch Truppen des Königreichs Großbritannien. Im 15. The Caprivi Strip in Namibia gave Germany access to the Zambezi River and thereby to German colonies in East Africa. Dritter Präsident Namibias ist seit 2015 Hage Gottfried Geingob. The Court also advised UN member states to refrain from implying legal recognition or assistance to the South African presence. In the 1830s Jonker Afrikaner concluded an agreement with the Nama chief Oaseb whereby the Oorlams would protect the central grasslands of Namibia from the Herero who were then pushing south. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. As a result, relations between the German settlers and the natives deteriorated. Referat oder Hausaufgabe zum Thema referat kolonialismus namibia. Upon South Africa's relinquishing control of Namibia, Commissioner Carlsson's role would be to administer the country, formulate its framework constitution, and organize free and fair elections based upon a non-racial universal franchise. [ © "Das Buch von unseren Kolonien" von Ottomar Beta / gemeinfrei ]. In February 1917, Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, the last king of the Kwanyama of Ovamboland, was killed in a joint[clarification needed] attack by South African forces for resisting South African sovereignty over his people. ", Kössler, Reinhart. The WCG's efforts led to the presentation in 1978 of Security Council Resolution 435 for settling the Namibian problem. Vekuii Rukoro und der Parlamentsabgeordneten und Namavertreterin Ida Hoffmann beim Bundespräsidialamt den Appell … It was not until the 19th century, when European powers sought to carve up the African continent between them in the so-called "Scramble for Africa", that Europeans – Germany in the forefront – became interested in Namibia. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Sam Nujoma won the presidential elections of 1994 with 76.34% of the votes. The US Government's role as mediator was both critical and disputed throughout the period, one example being the intense efforts in 1984 to obtain withdrawal of the South African Defence Force (SADF) from southern Angola. A number of tribes remained in Kaokoland: these were the Himba people, who are still there today. Finally, in 1987 when prospects for Namibian independence seemed to be improving, the fourth UN Commissioner for Namibia Bernt Carlsson was appointed. His place was taken by acting president J. Christiaan Heunis.
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